Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is a painful inflammation of the tendon insertions on the outer elbow, often caused by overuse. Physiotherapy plays a central role in the treatment by strengthening the muscles through targeted stretching and strengthening exercises, promoting healing and improving mobility in order to prevent further complaints.
Causes of Epicondylitis
The primary cause of epicondylitis is overuse or repetitive strain on the forearm muscles, often from continuous, strenuous movements or poor posture.
Triggers can include
- unilateral stress, such as prolonged keyboard or mouse use (Repetitive Strain Injury Syndrome)
- improper posture during work, home tasks, or recreational activities
- incorrect technique in racquet sports (e.g., tennis, badminton, or golf)
- poor sleeping posture, using a bent arm as a headrest
- conditions like fibromyalgia
Symptoms
Epicondylitis causes sharp pain on the outer elbow (Tennis Elbow) or inner elbow (Golfer's Elbow), especially when the affected muscle group is strained. The pain typically worsens with muscle activity and improves with rest.
Risk Groups
Individuals engaging in repetitive, one-sided activities, such as desk work, sports, or poor posture, are most at risk. A weakened forearm or lack of shoulder stability can also contribute to the condition. In some cases, changes in the cervical spine, such as stiffness or arthritis, may exacerbate symptoms.
Physiotherapy for Epicondylitis
- stretching of shortened forearm muscles
- transverse friction massage to the tendon attachment areas
- strengthening of opposing muscle groups to support the affected muscles
- nerve mobilization to release tension
- electrotherapy and ultrasound to aid healing
A personalized rehabilitation program tailored to individual needs can help relieve pain, improve function, and prevent recurrence.
